# Morfološke karakteristike učenika u odnosu na rezidencijalni status u Republici Hrvatskoj i Republici Srbiji
##### **Marko Badrić1, Vladan Pelemiš2, Ivan Prskalo1, Danimir Mandić2, Leona Roca3** 1 *Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Učiteljski fakultet* 2 *Sveučilište u Beogradu, Učiteljski fakultet* 3 *Osnovna škola Mladost, Lekenik* |
**Kineziološka paradigma odgoja i obrazovanja** | Broj rada: 50 | **Izvorni znanstveni rad** |
##### **Sažetak** |
Cilj studije bio je utvrditi morfološke tipove učenika četvrtih razreda u oba teritorija, definirati njihove eventualne razlike u odnosu na status stanovanja. Istraživanje je provedeno na ukupnom uzorku od 193 ispitanika četvrtog razreda podijeljenog prema statusu stanovanja u dva poduzorka: skupinu od 98 ispitanika koji su predstavljali poduzorak iz Republike Hrvatske (Petrinja), od čega 42 dječaka i 56 djevojčica te 95 ispitanika koji su činili subuzorak iz Republike Srbije (Beograd), od čega 54 dječaka i 41 djevojčica. Korištena je metoda sustavne opservacije. Procijenjeni su hipotetski morfološki čimbenici longitudinalne dimenzionalnosti, transverzalne dimenzionalnosti kostura, volumena i mase te potkožnog masnog tkiva. Tjelesni sastav učenika procijenjen je BIA metodom pomoću InBody 230. Za definiranje morfoloških tipova ispitanika primijenjena je klaster analiza. U prvom koraku korištena je eksplorativna Hijerarhijska klaster analiza uz primjenu Ward-ovog metoda grupiranja entiteta, a radi definiranja optimalnog broja klastera. U drugom koraku analize primijenjena je K-means klaster analiza s tako definiranim brojem klastera u sve četiri grupe. Korišten je Hartigan-Wong algoritam za grupiranje entiteta primjenom seta varijabli dobivenih antropometrijskim mjerenjima. Hijerarhijska klaster analiza uz korištenje Ward’s metode i kvadrata Euklidovih distanci pokazala je da se u svakom od četiri subuzorka (dječaci i djevojčice iz Republike Hrvatske i dječaci i djevojčice iz Republike Srbije) mogu izdvojiti po dva dobro definirana klastera. Ispitanici iz Hrvatske i Srbije koji su bili pod klasterom i više teže k ektomorfnom tipu građe koji karakterizira tanak i izdužen morfološki tip, dok ispitanici pod klasterom II više teže k endomorfnom tipu građe koji je prepoznatljiv kao težak i krupan morfološki tip. Rezultati dobiveni u ovom istraživanju ukazuju da nema značajnije akceleracije i deceleracije morfoloških karakteristika i tjelesnog sastava u ispitivanim uzorcima u ovom dobnom razdoblju, ali da subuzorci ipak ne pripadaju istom morfološkom tipu. Također vrijednosti χ2 testa, ukazali su da ne postoje značajne razlike u tipu građe između dječaka p<0,126, niti između djevojčica p<0,301, različitog rezidencijalnog statusa. |
***Ključne riječi*** |
*antropometrija; kineziologija; morfološki tipovi; učenici* |
Dječaci | Djevojčice | ||||
Variable | Klaster1 (N=18) | Klaster2 (N=24) | Klaster1 (N=22) | Klaster2 (N=34) | |
AS±S | AS±S | AS±S | AS±S | ||
Tjelesna visina (cm) | 150.96±10.36 | 145.87±7.64 | 148.70±7.91 | 143.82±7.31 | |
Tjelesna masa (kg) | 53.58±9.94 | 36.66±6.63 | 52.43±11.41 | 34.24±5.28 | |
Ukupna količina masti (%) | 27.00±5.37 | 17.01±5.26 | 29.70±8.42 | 16.35±6.12 | |
Kožni nabor nadlaktice (mm) | 20.37±4.16 | 14.30±5.40 | 15.40±6.01 | 9.57±5.22 | |
Kožni nabor leđa (mm) | 14.06±3.83 | 8.43±3.04 | 22.38±6.95 | 17.02±7.89 | |
Opseg struka (cm) | 75.97±10.03 | 63.72±6.32 | 76.02±9.25 | 60.40±4.46 | |
Opseg kukova (cm) | 88.48±9.54 | 76.83±5.87 | 89.09±9.26 | 75.00±5.49 | |
Indeks tjelesne mase (kg/m2) | 23.64±4.35 | 17.12±2.00 | 23.77±5.58 | 16.52±2.00 | |
Opseg struka i kuka (WHR) | 0.86±0.05 | 0.83±0.06 | 0.85±0.05 | 0.80±0.03 | |
Dječaci | Djevojčice | |||
Varijable | Klaster1 (N=16) | Klaster2 (N=25) | Klaster1 (N=24) | Klaster2 (N=30) |
AS±S | AS±S | AS±S | AS±S | |
Tjelesna visina (cm) | 147.81±7.06 | 147.82±8.55 | 148.96±5.42 | 146.30±6.11 |
Tjelesna masa (kg) | 40.07±8.48 | 42.07±9.01 | 42.52±6.64 | 38.49±6.92 |
Ukupna količina masti (%) | 22.94±4.38 | 16.66±4.83 | 22.01±4.94 | 17.71±5.75 |
Kožni nabor na leđima (mm) | 13.18±2.70 | 6.34±2.74 | 10.20±4.04 | 9.43±4.68 |
Kožni nabor nadlaktice (mm) | 12.31±2.67 | 13.36±4.10 | 15.75±5.91 | 14.17±4.51 |
Opseg struka (cm) | 66.95±7.97 | 57.54±3.97 | 72.45±5.90 | 58.52±5.08 |
Opseg kukova (cm) | 86.33±7.69 | 71.36±5.21 | 85.38±4.90 | 73.25±4.76 |
Index tjelesne mase (kg/m2) | 18.53±2.82 | 19.05±2.53 | 19.08±2.23 | 17.95±2.81 |
Opseg struka i kuka (WHR) | 0.78±0.10 | 0.81±0.04 | 0.85±0.05 | 0.80±0.06 |
Mesto stanovanja | Klaster1 | Klaster2 | Ukupno |
Republika Hrvatska | 18(42.9%) | 24(57.1%) | 42(100.0%) |
Republika Srbija | 16(39.0%) | 25(61.0%) | 41(100.0%) |
Ukupno | 34(19.3%) | 49(30.1%) | 83(49.4%) |
χ2=1, 0.126; p<0.723 |
Mesto stanovanja | Klaster1 | Klaster2 | Ukupno |
Republika Hrvatska | 22(39.3%) | 34(60.7%) | 56(100.0%) |
Republika Srbija | 24(44.4%) | 30(55.6%) | 54(100.0%) |
Ukupan subuzorak | 46(41.8%) | 64(58.2%) | 110(100.0%) |
χ2=1, 0.301; p<0.583 |
[![stoo2.png](https://hub.ufzg.hr/uploads/images/gallery/2022-10/scaled-1680-/stoo2.png)](https://hub.ufzg.hr/uploads/images/gallery/2022-10/stoo2.png) | ***2nd International Scientific and Art Faculty of Teacher Education University of Zagreb Conference*** *Contemporary Themes in Education – CTE2 - in memoriam prof. emer. dr. sc. Milan Matijević, Zagreb, Croatia* |
##### **Morphological characteristics of students in relation to place of residence in the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Serbia** |
##### **Abstract** |
The research was performed on a sample of 192 fourth-grade respondents divided by residential status into two subsamples: a group of 98 respondents who represented a subsample from the Republic of Croatia (Petrinja), with 42 boys and 56 girls, and 94 subjects who formed a subsample from the Republic of Serbia (Belgrade), with 53 boys and 41 girls. A non-experimental research design was used, i.e., an ex post facto correlation design. Hypothetical morphological factors of longitudinal dimensionality, transverse dimensionality of skeleton, volume and mass, and subcutaneous adipose tissue were assessed. The body composition of the students was assessed by the BIA method using InBody 230 (Biospace Co., Ltd, Seoul, Korea). The aim of the research was to determine the differences in morphological characteristics and body composition between fourth grade students as well as to define morphological types in relation to residential status. Multivariate analysis of variance and univariate analysis of variance were used to determine differences, and taxonomic analysis was used to define morphological types. Differences in residential status in morphological characteristics for students were found between students from Petrinja and Belgrade in hypothetical morphological factors of transverse dimensionality of skeleton, volume and body weight, and subcutaneous adipose tissue, as well as total body fat in favor of higher average values of Belgrade respondents. Furthermore, morphological types were determined, with students from Belgrade being more suited to the endomorphic type, while respondents from Petrinja were more suited to the ectomorphic type of material. The results obtained in this study, however, indicate that there is no significant acceleration and deceleration in morphological characteristics and body composition in the tested samples of subjects in this age period. It can be stated that their growth and development are within normal limits for that age, but that differences in type have been established. The authors recommend constant monitoring of students. |
***Key words*** |
*anthropometry; classroom teaching; kinesiology; morphological types; students* |